Which method desensitizes a client to a feared object through step-by-step exposure?

• A. Aversive conditioning
• B. Flooding/exposure
• C. Systematic desensitization
• D. Reinforcement

Answer: (C)

Gradual, step-by-step exposure paired with relaxation training is the approach used to reduce fear by teaching the client to stay calm as they confront the feared object, moving through a hierarchy from least to most distressing until full tolerance is possible. This method, systematic desensitization, works by forming new, non-anxious associations with the feared stimulus while the person remains relaxed, which lowers the anxiety response over time. The other methods operate differently: aversive conditioning pairs a negative stimulus with an undesirable behavior to deter it; flooding/exposure causes immediate, full-thensity confrontation without gradual steps; reinforcement uses rewards to shape behavior rather than reducing fear through a paced exposure process.