Which term refers to an innately reinforcing stimulus that satisfies a biological need?

• A. Secondary reinforcer
• B. Intelligence test
• C. Primary reinforcer
• D. Grit

Answer: (C)

A primary reinforcer is a stimulus that is reinforcing in itself because it satisfies a biological need. It’s innately rewarding and doesn’t require learning to acquire its value. For example, food motivates a hungry animal, water quenches thirst, and warmth helps regulate body temperature. These needs make the stimulus reinforcing from the start. In contrast, secondary reinforcers gain value only through association with primary reinforcers—things like money, praise, or tokens that eventually lead to a primary reward. The other options don’t describe a reinforcer: an intelligence test is a tool for measuring ability, not something that reinforces behavior; grit is a personality trait related to perseverance; a secondary reinforcer is learned, not innately reinforcing. So the best term is primary reinforcer.