Which phenomenon describes clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis for them has been discredited?

• A. Functional Fixedness
• B. Intuition
• C. Instinct Theory
• D. Belief Perseverance

Answer: (D)

Belief perseverance is the tendency to cling to initial conceptions even after the basis for them has been discredited. Once an explanation is formed, people often continue to endorse it despite new data that undermine it, sometimes rationalizing or dismissing the new information. This happens because our minds seek coherence and can be biased toward confirming what we already think, a effect reinforced by cognitive dissonance reduction. So, even when evidence contradicts the original belief, the belief persists.

For contrast, functional fixedness describes sticking to familiar uses for objects and not seeing alternative solutions; intuition refers to quick, automatic judgments; and instinct theory relates to behavior driven by inherited biological impulses.