Which cognitive bias is the tendency to seek information that confirms preconceptions?

• A. Divergent thinking
• B. Insight
• C. Mental set
• D. Confirmation bias

Answer: (D)

The main idea being tested is how people tend to seek out information that supports what they already believe. This tendency is called confirmation bias: we look for evidence that confirms our preconceptions, interpret ambiguous information in a way that fits them, and remember supporting details more readily while downplaying or ignoring contradictory data. This helps explain why beliefs can become entrenched and resistant to change, even when faced with new or conflicting evidence. In real life, you might notice it when evaluating news or opinions—favoring sources that align with your view and discounting those that don’t, or when interpreting a study in a way that makes your stance look better.

Divergent thinking is about generating many possible ideas, not about favoring confirming information. Insight refers to a sudden, often surprising realization. Mental set is the tendency to approach problems in a familiar, practiced way. Among these, confirmation bias best fits the description of seeking information that confirms preconceptions.