A test designed to measure what a person has already learned.

• A. Achievement Test
• B. Aptitude Test
• C. Reliability
• D. Validity

Answer: (A)

Measuring what a person has already learned is the purpose of an achievement test. These tests are designed after instruction to gauge mastery of specific content or skills that have been taught, such as math units, reading comprehension, or science concepts. They focus on how much of the curriculum a learner has actually acquired, often aligning with a particular course or curriculum standards.

This differs from aptitude tests, which attempt to predict how well someone might learn or perform on unfamiliar tasks in the future, rather than assessing current mastery. Reliability and validity describe test quality—consistency of scores and whether the test actually measures the intended construct—but they don’t define what the test is intended to measure. In practice, an achievement test is the best match for the idea of assessing what has already been learned.